Toyota Company Limited Essay Example for Free

Toyota Company Limited Essay BACKGROUND When we talk about company, we are talking of the world’s seventh largest corporation. On the car manufacture Industry, the company is the third ranked. Toyota is a Japan based motor company that manufacturers cars, vans, Lorries and tractors selling them to a wide variety of global markets. It is also a renowned manufacturer of tracks and motor car accessories. Toyota Company started in 1937 with the headquarters currently based in Japan. The very first car that the company manufactured was the Toyota AA in the early 1930s. Later, new brands emerged like the Luxuries, Lexus. These gave rise to more Luxurious brands like the Tundra, Camry, Scion and Prius. Currently, the company manufactures and sells millions of vehicles each year. In 2008 for instance, it plans to manufacturer more than ten million vehicles. The company has set up marketing bases in the UK and parts of Asia to help in the marketing of its vehicles. To-date, the company boasts of profits of up to $ 12 billion (made in 2006) accompanied with increased sales. To further boast its market share, the company has acquired stakes in other automobile companies like ISUZU Motors (6%) and in Fuji industries (8%). The company’s shares are traded publicly on the New York stock exchange. Products and Services offered Toyota produces the following Toyota type of cars: Hilax Surf, Land Cruiser, RAV4, Caldina and Auris. Other brands include Vitz and Lexus. Toyota also offers financial services such as giving credit in form of Loans to small and medium enterprises. The company offers these financial services to over twenty five countries across the globe. The Toyota subsidiaries operating these financial services are wholly owned by the parent Toyota Company. Started in Australia, the services are now offered Europe, USA and Asia. Besides, automobiles, the company also make robots and has even entered the textile industry. The company is best known in making computerized loans and sewing machines. Corporation culture and Management The company has development out of certain believes which the members of staff and top corporate directors hold. To them, management decisions are based on long-term developments rather than school-term objectives. There is a culture of consensus in decision-making as opposed to chest thumping and neglect. There is also the culture of people avoiding fixing of problems, instead of getting quality of work is advocated for. There is always the desire of using only high technology in the manufacturer of vehicles that would satisfy customers. The company doesn’t believe in wastages. By-products of processes are used as raw materials of other processes. Work is planned in such a way that there are no over-production unnecessary motions of medicines. Waiting costs are also kept at a minimum through thoroughly calculated machine operations. The company deals with its clients with the highest level of accountability. Every brand of vehicle truly represents what its descriptions are. The profit margins and mark-ups (of cost) are calculated without customer exploitation. Mission statement â€Å"To have a profitable growth through the provision of the best services to customers and support is the dealers. The company aims at becoming the best companies across the globe. Organizational structure Toyota has a flat organizational structure with the managing Director who doubles as the Chairman being at the top. Down the hierarchy is the General Manager and various managers who report to the General Manager. These are: Financial Manager, Marketing Manager, Commercial Manager, After-Sales Manager and the Administration Manager. The Commercial manager controls the retail sales, marketing, Fleet sales, Long-term rental, and daily rental. Under the financial manager are the internal control , accounting and the financial analysis departments. The After sales manager governs the Buying and Purchase shops, customer care and accessories. Departments under the admistrative manager are the human resources, financing, Information Technology, Purchasing and Quality control management. All these work towards realizing the overall goals of Toyota. Decision-making strategies In Toyota, everybody is brought into board as far as   decision making is concerned. However, the junior staff do not make decisions rather are given the chance to express their suggestions in a written platform. It is on the basis of these suggestions that policy is formulated by top management. SWOT analysis is greatly employed before decisions can be made on pertinent issues. SWOT means Strengths, Weaknesses, opportunities and threats. The management evaluates what their strengths are before a decision to embark on a new brand is reached and before making any new acquisitions among other several decisions. Other new opportunities are also rated against the company’s strengths. The company uses the knowledge of its weaknesses to seek for means of reducing them against the threats imposed by the environment The pros and cons of every aspect is also looked at before decisions are made. The direction the decision would take would then depend on the number of   merits and demerits if a given path is undertaken. In complex areas, the company applies scientific processes like linear programming and other stochastic models to make decisions. Motivational Strategies Top management get their goals executed through the employees. It is therefore important to ensure that employees are motivated for them to effectively carry out their daily chores. The management of Toyota has however ensured that its workforce is highly motivated to avoid problems associated with demotivation such as go-slows, sit-downs and strikes. One of the things that Toyota has done is to empower employees. Toyota comprises of very many departments each of which is occupied by persons qualified in that field. Every department has been left to make control its own activities whereby people are left to make their own decisions. There is little or no interference from the top management who feel that such an arrangement makes the employees to feel a sense of ownership of the company. To foster empowerment of employees, suggestion boxes are evenly distributed within the company premises. They use these boxes to air their grievances without fear or intimidation. This doesn’t end here because the management meets regularly with the employees to deliberate on the findings of their suggestions. Benefits Employees of Toyota get some rebates/discounts on the market price of the vehicles. This special concession has been in existent for quite some time. Workers also obtain gifts for better performance be it in the sales and marketing department or the assembly department. The gifts range from cash to even free motorcars. In this way they are motivated to perform even better in the season that would follow. The Toyota company’s employees also have a savings plan/ scheme to which they make annual savings. This gives them financial security even after their terms of services expire. They do not fall short of a healthy insurance Scheme that gives them a surety of compensation incase one gets ill or is injured while serving the company.

Martin Luther King :: essays research papers

How Did Martin Luther Challenge Loyalty To The Roman Catholic Church   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In our society today, it is ruled with a firm hand. Similar aspects of our modern society and how our society was. Back then in the early fifteen - hundreds were similar. Such as today the public has the right to free speech and to build and choose a strong democracy, and a responsible loyal leader. The people in our life want to seek independence and live their own life from the ruler. In a unique way, all things have a ruler for instance the church in our case for Catholics, Pope John Paul is the Catholic religion ruler; and as it was back in the fifteen- Hundreds, a man named Martin Luther became an important ruler. In the year of fifteen-seventeen, a German monk named Martin Luther wrote a reformation that changed the life of the Roman Catholic Church.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Martin Luther was born in Eisleben on November 10,1483 (Beers, Burton page 246). Luther’s family was peasants but still being peasants they were wealthy. Luther was survived by his father Hans Luther his occupation was a copper miner(Flowers page 27). When Luther got older, his father sent him out to study law at the University of Wittenburg; not interested in the idea of law school, Luther dropped the class sold his learning books and left school. After Luther left school he later joined a monastery. The reason why Luther decided to join a monastery was one night, while walking home a storm began to brew from up above while not taking shelter, lightning struck Luther and in fear Luther cried â€Å" Saint Anne, help me; For I will become a monk†(Beers page 247). Being true to his words Luther joined a monastery where he taught Bible studies and studied theology in order to become a professor. His friends and family were shocked by his actions. While in training Luther began to believe that a person’s sin cannot be removed by just doing good deeds but to have faith in god. With Luther’s beliefs he then accuses the selling of indulgences or the removal of sin after death in purgatory through money which was made by the church. That is one way Luther is loyal to the church but in this case Luther can do the opposite.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Luther challenges loyalty against the church by composing ninety-five questions for arguments against the

Candle Light Glass Menagerie

The Power of Light A Candle light is the most primitive of lights, but it serves a different purpose than illuminating a room in The Glass Menagerie, written by Tennessee Williams. Williams uses the contrast between light and darkness to symbolize and emphasize the powerful moments that occur in the play. Although Williams uses these mechanics, the candle light of course has deeper meaning within the context of the story. Being the weakest of lights, the candle light is easily extinguished, but that small, weak light has some form of hope against the overbearing world.With Laura being as fragile, he candle symbolizes her hopes and dreams that are which snuffed out from society. Throughout the play, Williams also uses candle light imagery to describe Laura and her emotions. The candle light represents hope and how it is lost, but the character who demonstrates this most is Laura. Light, in any form, brings some form of happiness to people. Laura demonstrates her happiness when she sha res a tender moment with Jim. Being reclusive and removing herself from society, Laura is unable to interact with people, but only on certain circumstances when â€Å"light† illuminates through her.This â€Å"light† that is being referred to is the inner hope that Laura has. She desperately wants to guard this hope though, in fear of it being extinguished. This is very apparent when Laura says, â€Å"Oh be careful – if you breathe, it breaks! † (Williams 1281). Laura is referring to her glass unicorn, which also represents her, but any form of power like a breath could possibly break the unicorn which refers to her own candle light of hope. Laura desires Jim and hopes that his feelings for her remain true.As Jim continues to enlighten Laura, she announces, â€Å"l trust you with him! Hold him over the light, he oves the light! You see how the light shines through him? † (Williams 1281) Laura's hope is continuing to grow as she suggests Jim to take hold of her unicorn. With the unicorn representing her, and the light illuminating through the unicorn, Laura has officially given herself and her hope into Jim. After he admits that he is to be married, the hope that is inside Laura is extinguished.At the end of the play, Tom speaks solely to his sister, and tells her to â€Å"Blow out [her] candles† (Williams 1289). Tom means that there is no hope left for Laura, and she will be stuck with herself for the est of her life. Wanting to find new things in life, Tom has decided to leave, and realizes that with him leaving Laura has no chance to find another â€Å"gentleman caller† and so her lights of hope are extinguished. The author uses light and darkness to symbolize and to emphasize the dramatic moments of the play.The desperation and highly charged emotions in this play are linked to the symbolism of the light getting dim or going dark Just like the status of the unstable Wingfields. The candles are a way for the au dience to understand that soon all wlll go aarK. Easlly Dlown out, tne candles prov10e a very temporary moment of light, when Laura shares a tender moment with Jim, before her hopes and dreams are extinguished. There are several ways of looking at the candles. First, they establish a more muted tone – you might even call it romantic.That less harsh light perhaps allows Laura to be more open with Jim; it gives her courage. That might lead to an interpretation that the candles symbolize hope. Hope that Laura might be able to connect with Jim, hope that Amanda's dream of a Gentleman Caller providing a uture for Laura, hope that if Laura is taken care of, Tom will be able to strike out on his own and leave the shoe warehouse, etc. It makes Tom's final line more heart- breaking – â€Å"blow out your candles, Laura. There is ultimately no hope for this socially and physically (at least in her mind) handicapped young woman. There is no place in our society for such a misfit. the last scene of the play, Tom tells Laura to blow our her candles, and here the candles symbolizes Laura and her familys hope. This can be seen by how it makes contrast with the world lit by lightning, and how he author uses candlelight to describe Laura. First of all, the candlelight stands in contrast to a world lit by lightning in Tom's final words.

Essay on Water in the Biochemical Process - 1654 Words

Water is a vital part for the function of organisms, as it is involved in the â€Å"energetics† of molecular interactions and conformational adaption of macromolecules in animal and plant cells, due to its structure, flexibility and several unique properties (Rand, 2004). In an organism’s cell, various types of water are present. They are known as bound, hydration, vicinal and bulk water. 95% of watery body fluid is composed of bulk water, since they function as â€Å"space filling medium†, which supports life and creates an aqueous medium for cellular reactions (Watterson, 1987) . Water as a â€Å"space filling medium†, also aid to assemble molecules, hence they can â€Å"achieve a configuration of lower free energy† (Rand, 2004). Water’s effect on the†¦show more content†¦This dissociates to form H+ and HCO3 - , which acts as buffer in blood plasma, keeping the pH constant for efficient enzyme activity. The dissociation occurs, because water has a slight tendency to ionize (Brooker et al., 2007). Ionic substances, such as, enzymes and hormones dissolve in body fluids, causing the electrostatic attraction between them to decrease, thus increasing their solubility. In metabolic processes such as in a hydrolysis reaction, water acts as a reactant; where the electron-rich oxygen acts as a nucleophile. For example, hydrolysis of polysaccharides, e.g., sucrose, to form monosaccharides, e.g., fructose and glucose, and these are utilized by the body for various functions. Hydrolysis reaction releases energy so they are favourable, since the entropy of the system is increased. For instance, when energy is needed; water is required to hydrate ATP to release the energy. Water is also essential in oxidation-reduction reactions, e.g., respiration (Brooker et al., 2007). Water is a stable medium, for efficient enzyme activity, due to the properties that water molecules display, such as, high specific heat capacity and high heat of vaporization. This ensures that the temperatures are kept fairly constant in an organism, so the optimum temperature of the enzyme is maintained (Nelson, Cox Lehninger, 2008). During photosynthesis, water plays an important role as they donate electron, to electronShow MoreRelatedWater And Water : An Essential Constituent Of The Life On Earth1657 Words   |  7 PagesWater is a transparent fluid that makes up the bodies of water on the planet Earth and is a major vital constituent of the life on Earth. Water covers 71% of Earth’s surface, but the amount of freshwater is only 2.5% of this amount of water, and 98.8% of the freshwater is in ice and groundwater. Less than 0.3% of the entire freshwater is comprised within streams, rivers, lakes, and the atmosphere (Gleick, 1993). 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